Variations on Memetic Algorithms for Graph Coloring Problems

11 pages, 8 figures, 3 tables, 2 algorithmsInternational audienceGraph vertex coloring with a given number of colors is a well-known and much-studied NP-complete problem.The most effective methods to solve this problem are proved to be hybrid algorithms such as memetic algorithms or quantum annealing. Those hybrid algorithms use a powerful local search inside a population-based algorithm.This paper presents a new memetic algorithm based on one of the most effective algorithms: the Hybrid Evolutionary Algorithm HEA from Galinier and Hao (1999).The proposed algorithm, denoted HEAD - for HEA in Duet - works with a population of only two individuals.Moreover, a new way of managing diversity is brought by HEAD.These two main differences greatly improve the results, both in terms of solution quality and computational time.HEAD has produced several good results for the popular DIMACS benchmark graphs, such as 222-colorings for , 81-colorings for and even 47-colorings for and 82-colorings for

Lower Bound for (Sum) Coloring Problem

The Minimum Sum Coloring Problem is a variant of the Graph Vertex Coloring Problem, for which each color has a weight. This paper presents a new way to find a lower bound of this problem, based on a relaxation into an integer partition problem with additional constraints. We improve the lower bound for 18 graphs of standard benchmark DIMACS, and prove the optimal value for 4 graphs by reaching their known upper bound

Dynamic Purpose Decomposition of Mobility Flows Based on Geographical Data

Spatial and temporal decomposition of aggregated mobility flows is nowadays a commonly addressed issue, but a trip-purpose decomposition of mobility flows is a more challenging topic, which requires more sensitive analysis such as heterogeneous data fusion. In this paper, we study the relation between land use and mobility purposes. We propose a model that dynamically decomposes mobility flows into six mobility purposes. To this end, we use a national transportation database that surveyed more than 35,000 individuals and a national ground description database that identifies six distinct ground types. Based on these two types of data, we dynamically solve several overdetermined systems of linear equations from a training set and we infer the travel purposes. Our experimental results demonstrate that our model effectively predicts the purposes of mobility from the land use. Furthermore, our model shows great results compared with a reference supervised learning decomposition

Persisting Mixed Cryoglobulinemia in Chikungunya Infection

Chikungunya virus is present in tropical Africa and Asia and is transmitted by mosquito bites. The disease is characterized by fever, headache, severe joint pain and transient skin rash for about a week. Most patients experience persisting joint pain and/or stiffness for months to years. In routine practice, diagnosis is based upon serology. Since 2004 there has been an ongoing giant outbreak of Chikungunya fever in East Africa, the Indian Ocean Islands, India and East Asia. In parallel, more than 1,000 travelers were diagnosed with imported Chikungunya infection in most developed countries. Considering the clinical features of our patients (joint pain), we hypothesized that cryoglobulins could be involved in the pathophysiology of the disease as observed in chronic hepatitis C infection. Cryoglobulins, which are immunoglobulins that precipitate when temperature is below 37°C, can induce rheumatic and vascular disorders. From April 2005 through May 2007, we screened all patients with possible imported Chikungunya infection for cryoglobulins. They were present in over 90% of patients, and possibly responsible for the unexpected false negativity of serological assays. Cryoglobulin frequency and levels decreased with time in recovering patients

Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities

With increasing demand for mineral resources, extraction of polymetallic sulphides at hydrothermal vents, cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts at seamounts, and polymetallic nodules on abyssal plains may be imminent. Here, we shortly introduce ecosystem characteristics of mining areas, report on recent mining developments, and identify potential stress and disturbances created by mining. We analyze species' potential resistance to future mining and perform meta-analyses on population density and diversity recovery after disturbances most similar to mining: volcanic eruptions at vents, fisheries on seamounts, and experiments that mimic nodule mining on abyssal plains. We report wide variation in recovery rates among taxa, size, and mobility of fauna. While densities and diversities of some taxa can recover to or even exceed pre-disturbance levels, community composition remains affected after decades. The loss of hard substrata or alteration of substrata composition may cause substantial community shifts that persist over geological timescales at mined sites. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7) under the MIDAS project; FCT [IF/00029/2014/CP1230/CT0002, SFRH/ BPD/110278/2015]; Spanish RTD project NUREIEV [CTM2013-44598-R]; Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [SGR 1068]; Generalitat de Catalunya autonomous government; European Union Horizon research and innovation programme [689518]; Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia [UID/MAR/04292/2013]; German Ministry of Research (BMBF) [03F0707A-G]; Program Investigador FCT [IF/01194/2013/CP1199/CT0002]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Dynamic modeling of population density via cellular networks and car-sharing multiobjective optimization

De nombreux problèmes de décision issus du monde réel sont de nature NP-difficile. Il est également fréquent que de tels problèmes rassemblent plusieurs objectifs à optimiser simultanément, généralement contradictoires entre eux. Pour aborder cette classe de problèmes, les métaheuristiques multiobjectifs fournissent des outils particulièrement efficaces. Par ailleurs, pour traiter des problèmes de transport, l'élaboration de modèles permettant de caractériser l’évolution spatio-temporelle d’une population est un élément essentiel. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, nous nous intéressons à la chaine complète qui permet de guider une décision dans le domaine de l'aménagement du territoire et du transport. Nous considérons ainsi les deux principales phases impliquées dans le processus de décision : la modélisation des déplacements de la population d'une part, et l'élaboration d'une métaheuristique hybride pour résoudre des problèmes d'optimisation multiobjectif d'autre part. Afin de modéliser l’évolution de la présence de personnes sur un territoire, nous proposons dans cette thèse un nouveau modèle de mobilité. L'originalité de ce travail réside dans l'utilisation de données nouvelles issues de la téléphonie mobile, ainsi que dans l'exploitation d'informations géographiques et socio-économiques pour caractériser le pouvoir d'attraction du territoire. Nous proposons par ailleurs une heuristique pour résoudre des problèmes multiobjectifs. L’étude de l'influence de différents opérateurs sur la construction de l'ensemble Pareto, nous a amené à concevoir une heuristique hybride de type mémétique, qui se révèle être significativement plus efficace que des approches de référence. Les deux principales phases, modélisation et optimisation, ont été expérimentées et validées dans un contexte réel. Elles ont donné lieu au développement d’une plate-forme logicielle d’aide à la décision utilisée notamment pour proposer des emplacements de stations pour un service d'auto-partage électrique.Many decision-making problems in the real world are NP-hard. These problems commonly feature several mutually-contradictory objectives to be optimized simultaneously. Multiobjective metaheuristics provide particularly effective means of addressing this class of problems. Moreover, for transportation problems, the development of models able to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of a population is essential. In our research, we are interested in the complete chain guiding a decision in the fields of transportation and territory planning. We consider the two main phases involved in the decision-making process: building a population mobility model and developing a hybrid metaheuristic to solve multiobjective optimization problems. In order to compute the evolution of population presence on a territory, in this thesis we propose a new mobility model; its originality lies in employing new data from mobile phone networks as well as geographic and socio-economic information to indicate the attractiveness of the territory. We have also developed a heuristic to solve multiobjective problems: following the study of the influence of several operators on the Pareto front, we have designed a hybrid memetic heuristic that is significantly more effective than reference approaches. The two main phases of modelling and optimizing have been tested and validated in a real context, allowing us to develop a decision-making software platform that can be used to provide station locations for an electric car-sharing service

MODÉLISATION DYNAMIQUE DE LA DENSITÉ DE POPULATION VIA LES RÉSEAUX CELLULAIRES ET OPTIMISATION MULTIOBJECTIF DE L'AUTO-PARTAGE

Many decision-making problems in the real world are NP-hard. These problems commonly feature several mutually-contradictory objectives to be optimized simultaneously. Multiobjective metaheuristics provide particularly effective means of addressing this class of problems. Moreover, for transportation problems, the development of models able to evaluate the spatiotemporal evolution of a population is essential. In our research, we are interested in the complete chain guiding a decision in the fields of transportation and territory planning. We consider the two main phases involved in the decision-making process: building a population mobility model and developing a hybrid metaheuristic to solve multiobjective optimization problems. In order to compute the evolution of population presence on a territory, in this thesis we propose a new mobility model; its originality lies in employing new data from mobile phone networks as well as geographic and socio-economic information to indicate the attractiveness of the territory. We have also developed a heuristic to solve multiobjective problems: following the study of the influence of several operators on the Pareto front, we have designed a hybrid memetic heuristic that is significantly more effective than reference approaches. The two main phases of modelling and optimizing have been tested and validated in a real context, allowing us to develop a decision-making software platform that can be used to provide station locations for an electric car-sharing service.De nombreux problèmes de décision issus du monde réel sont de nature NP-difficile. Il est également fréquent que de tels problèmes rassemblent plusieurs objectifs à optimiser simultanément, généralement contradictoires entre eux. Pour aborder cette classe de problèmes, les métaheuristiques multiobjectifs fournissent des outils particulièrement efficaces. Par ailleurs, pour traiter des problèmes de transport, l'élaboration de modèles permettant de caractériser l’évolution spatio-temporelle d’une population est un élément essentiel. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, nous nous intéressons à la chaine complète qui permet de guider une décision dans le domaine de l'aménagement du territoire et du transport. Nous considérons ainsi les deux principales phases impliquées dans le processus de décision : la modélisation des déplacements de la population d'une part, et l'élaboration d'une métaheuristique hybride pour résoudre des problèmes d'optimisation multiobjectif d'autre part. Afin de modéliser l’évolution de la présence de personnes sur un territoire, nous proposons dans cette thèse un nouveau modèle de mobilité. L'originalité de ce travail réside dans l'utilisation de données nouvelles issues de la téléphonie mobile, ainsi que dans l'exploitation d'informations géographiques et socio-économiques pour caractériser le pouvoir d'attraction du territoire. Nous proposons par ailleurs une heuristique pour résoudre des problèmes multiobjectifs. L’étude de l'influence de différents opérateurs sur la construction de l'ensemble Pareto, nous a amené à concevoir une heuristique hybride de type mémétique, qui se révèle être significativement plus efficace que des approches de référence. Les deux principales phases, modélisation et optimisation, ont été expérimentées et validées dans un contexte réel. Elles ont donné lieu au développement d’une plate-forme logicielle d’aide à la décision utilisée notamment pour proposer des emplacements de stations pour un service d'auto-partage électrique